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Located on the outskirts of Sofia, Boyana Church consists of three buildings. The church was constructed in the 10th century and expanded in the early 13 per Sebastocrator Kaloyan, who ordered a second building with two floors that rise with him. The frescoes in this church, painted in 1259, is one of the most important collections of medieval paintings. The set is completed by a third church, built in the 19th century. This site is one art most complete and perfectly preserved medieval city in Europe.
In the Middle Ages the strong Bulgarian fortress of Boyana (Batil) was on the lower slopes of Mount Vitosha in what is now the suburb of Boyana, Sofia. This name is mentioned for the first time in 969th Boyana was one of 35 forts and settlements that formed the fortification systems of the city Sredets (Sofia). The Boyana Church was built in the castle is a magnificent example of medieval architecture and monumental art.
The church has undergone many changes and expansions, and thus the present complex differs considerably from the original. The new buildings were added to the (East) Church of architectural changes have been made, and the decor has changed. Currently, Boyana Church consists of 11 buildings, 13 and 19 centuries.
Boyana church elders, the so-called Middle East, or the first church was designed and used as a chapel. It was typical of a Greek cross, and hidden inside a dome cross-section of free-standing, without support and without the narthex. E ‘built entirely in brick. north and south facades are articulated outside of the three blind arches, each with a central arch on the side of these arches are not related to building structures. decorative tiles are visual: arches with the “wolf teeth” and a concentric rows of bricks in the arches.
The interior plan is reminiscent of a Greek cross and is poorly lit by long narrow openings (one each north and south walls, four at the top) and a skylight in the apse. The inner surface of the walls and the dome was covered with murals. Some large fragments have been preserved in the apse. As the first church was repainted in the 18th century, the remains of original paintings are visible only when the top layer of the wall paintings have been destroyed.
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In the 13 th century, the feudal ruler of the region west of the Second Bulgarian State, Sebastocrator Kaloyan and his wife Desislava, who were closely related to the royal family, has ordered the extension of the church. Manufacturers have added a new two-storey building on the west wall of the first church. The ground floor has direct access to the first church and was designed as a narthex. It is rectangular, barrel-vaulted roof. Inside, the walls are decorated with only two niches in the south and north sides, respectively, probably by a family tomb. The upper floor of the church Kaloyan has a composition almost identical to the old architecture of the building, a Greek cross, and was used as a chapel of the family. It was dedicated to the martyr St. Pantaleon healer. Access to the chapel by an outside staircase along the south wall. It is possible that the steps of the chapel connected with the house of the Lord.
There are reasons to believe that, in case of danger, was the escalator is out, what could the floor chapel is also used as a defensive tower.
Articulation of the facades are figurative, as in the early church. The north and south facades have four blind arches at each level of the second floor. One of the arches on the south wall is larger and has been used as an entrance to the chapel on the second floor. The eastern facade of the church Kaloyan rises above the roof of the first church. The exterior surface is interrupted by a small semi-circular apse. The facade of the west entrance, is the most representative and has a distinctly monumental. The new church, strengthened and renewed by the family of Sebastocrator were decorated with paintings and opened 1259th
The frescoes of Boyana is one of the earliest examples of icon painting style that was subsequently approved in the mural and, as such, it marks the beginning of the specific characteristics that have a strong influence of the Turnovo school of art. The murals style icons that spread in Serbia, Russia and Mount Athos monasteries over the centuries 16 14 and are closely tied to this innovation.
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